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Merge pull request 'docs: Replace backup guide with the new one from Bruno Adele' (#4493) from Qubasa/clan-core:improv_docs3 into main

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Reviewed-on: https://git.clan.lol/clan/clan-core/pulls/4493
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Luis Hebendanz
2025-07-25 10:34:01 +00:00
parent 2d85230097 986e74663a
commit 15d88ba595
3 changed files with 181 additions and 279 deletions
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132
clanServices/borgbackup/README.md
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@@ -56,134 +56,4 @@ Destinations can be:
- **Server**: Your own borgbackup server (using the `server` role)
- **Third-party services**: Such as Hetzner's Storage Box
## State management
Backups are based on [states](../../reference/clan.core/state.md). A state
defines which files should be backed up and how these files are obtained through
pre/post backup and restore scripts.
Here's an example for a user application `linkding`:
In this example:
- `/data/podman/linkding` is the application's data directory
- `/var/backup/linkding` is the staging directory where data is copied for
backup
```nix
clan.core.state.linkding = {
folders = [ "/var/backup/linkding" ];
preBackupScript = ''
export PATH=${
lib.makeBinPath [
config.systemd.package
pkgs.coreutils
pkgs.rsync
]
}
service_status=$(systemctl is-active podman-linkding)
if [ "$service_status" = "active" ]; then
systemctl stop podman-linkding
rsync -avH --delete --numeric-ids "/data/podman/linkding/" /var/backup/linkding/
systemctl start podman-linkding
fi
'';
postRestoreScript = ''
export PATH=${
lib.makeBinPath [
config.systemd.package
pkgs.coreutils
pkgs.rsync
]
}
service_status="$(systemctl is-active podman-linkding)"
if [ "$service_status" = "active" ]; then
systemctl stop podman-linkding
# Backup locally current linkding data
cp -rp "/data/podman/linkding" "/data/podman/linkding.bak"
# Restore from borgbackup
rsync -avH --delete --numeric-ids /var/backup/linkding/ "/data/podman/linkding/"
systemctl start podman-linkding
fi
'';
};
```
## Managing backups
### Listing states
To see which files (`states`) will be backed up on a specific machine, use:
```bash
clan state list jon
```
This will show all configured states for the machine `jon`, for example:
```text
· service: linkding
folders:
- /var/backup/linkding
preBackupCommand: pre-backup-linkding
postRestoreCommand: post-restore-linkding
· service: zerotier
folders:
- /var/lib/zerotier-one
```
### Creating backups
To create a backup of a machine (e.g., `jon`), run:
```bash
clan backups create jon
```
This will backup all configured states (`zerotier` and `linkding` in this
example) from the machine `jon`.
### Listing available backups
To see all available backups, use:
```bash
clan backups list
```
This will display all backups with their timestamps:
```text
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-jon-2025-07-22T19:40:10
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-jon-2025-07-23T01:00:00
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T01:00:00
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```
### Restoring backups
#### Full restoration
To restore all services from a backup:
```bash
clan backups restore jon borgbackup storagebox::u444061@u444061.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```
#### Partial restoration
To restore only a specific service (e.g., `linkding`):
```bash
clan backups restore --service linkding jon borgbackup storagebox::u444061@u444061.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```
For a more comprehensive guide on backups look into the guide section.

326
docs/site/guides/backups.md
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@@ -1,167 +1,199 @@
# Introduction to Backups
When you're managing your own services, creating regular backups is crucial to ensure your data's safety.
This guide introduces you to Clan's built-in backup functionalities.
Clan supports backing up your data to both local storage devices (like USB drives) and remote servers, using well-known tools like borgbackup and rsnapshot.
We might add more options in the future, but for now, let's dive into how you can secure your data.
This guide explains how to set up and manage
[BorgBackup](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/) for secure, efficient backups
in a clan network. BorgBackup provides:
## Backing Up Locally with Localbackup
- Space efficient storage of backups with deduplication
- Secure, authenticated encryption
- Compression: lz4, zstd, zlib, lzma or none
- Mountable backups with FUSE
- Easy installation on multiple platforms: Linux, macOS, BSD, …
- Free software (BSD license).
- Backed by a large and active open-source community.
Localbackup lets you backup your data onto physical storage devices connected to your computer,
such as USB hard drives or network-attached storage. It uses a tool called rsnapshot for this purpose.
### Setting Up Localbackup
1. **Identify Your Backup Device:**
First, figure out which device you'll use for backups. You can see all connected devices by running this command in your terminal:
```bash
lsblk --output NAME,PTUUID,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT
```
Look for the device you intend to use for backups and note its details.
2. **Configure Your Backup Device:**
Once you've identified your device, you'll need to add it to your configuration.
Here's an example NixOS configuration for a device located at `/dev/sda2` with an `ext4` filesystem:
## Borgbackup Example
```nix
{
fileSystems."/mnt/hdd" = {
device = "/dev/sda2";
fsType = "ext4";
options = [ "defaults" "noauto" ];
};
}
```
Replace `/dev/sda2` with your device and `/mnt/hdd` with your preferred mount point.
3. **Set Backup Targets:** Next, define where on your device you'd like the backups to be stored:
```nix
{
clan.localbackup.targets.hdd = {
directory = "/mnt/hdd/backup";
mountpoint = "/mnt/hdd";
};
}
```
Change `/mnt/hdd` to the actual mount point you're using.
4. **Create Backups:** To create a backup, run:
```bash
clan backups create mymachine
```
This command saves snapshots of your data onto the backup device.
5. **Listing Backups:** To see available backups, run:
```bash
clan backups list mymachine
```
## Remote Backups with Borgbackup
### Overview of Borgbackup
Borgbackup splits the backup process into two parts: a backup client that sends data to a backup server.
The server stores the backups.
### Setting Up the Borgbackup Client
1. **Specify Backup Server:**
Start by indicating where your backup data should be sent. Replace `hostname` with your server's address:
```nix
{
clan.borgbackup.destinations = {
myhostname = {
repo = "borg@backuphost:/var/lib/borgbackup/myhostname";
inventory.instances = {
borgbackup = {
module = {
name = "borgbackup";
input = "clan";
};
roles.client.machines."jon".settings = {
destinations."storagebox" = {
repo = "username@$hostname:/./borgbackup";
rsh = ''ssh -oPort=23 -i /run/secrets/vars/borgbackup/borgbackup.ssh'';
};
};
roles.server.machines = { };
};
}
};
```
2. **Select Folders to Backup:**
The input should be named according to your flake input. Jon is configured as a
client machine with a destination pointing to a Hetzner Storage Box.
Decide which folders you want to back up. For example, to backup your home and root directories:
To see a list of all possible options go to [borgbackup clan service](../reference/clanServices/borgbackup.md)
## Roles
A Clan Service can have multiple roles, each role applies different nix config to the machine.
### 1. Client
Clients are machines that create and send backups to various destinations. Each
client can have multiple backup destinations configured.
### 2. Server
Servers act as backup repositories, receiving and storing backups from client
machines. They can be dedicated backup servers within your clan network.
## Backup destinations
This service allows you to perform backups to multiple `destinations`.
Destinations can be:
- **Local**: Local disk storage
- **Server**: Your own borgbackup server (using the `server` role)
- **Third-party services**: Such as Hetzner's Storage Box
## State management
Backups are based on [states](../reference/clan.core/state.md). A state
defines which files should be backed up and how these files are obtained through
pre/post backup and restore scripts.
Here's an example for a user application `linkding`:
In this example:
- `/data/podman/linkding` is the application's data directory
- `/var/backup/linkding` is the staging directory where data is copied for
backup
```nix
{ clan.core.state.userdata.folders = [ "/home" "/root" ]; }
clan.core.state.linkding = {
folders = [ "/var/backup/linkding" ];
preBackupScript = ''
export PATH=${
lib.makeBinPath [
config.systemd.package
pkgs.coreutils
pkgs.rsync
]
}
service_status=$(systemctl is-active podman-linkding)
if [ "$service_status" = "active" ]; then
systemctl stop podman-linkding
rsync -avH --delete --numeric-ids "/data/podman/linkding/" /var/backup/linkding/
systemctl start podman-linkding
fi
'';
postRestoreScript = ''
export PATH=${
lib.makeBinPath [
config.systemd.package
pkgs.coreutils
pkgs.rsync
]
}
service_status="$(systemctl is-active podman-linkding)"
if [ "$service_status" = "active" ]; then
systemctl stop podman-linkding
# Backup locally current linkding data
cp -rp "/data/podman/linkding" "/data/podman/linkding.bak"
# Restore from borgbackup
rsync -avH --delete --numeric-ids /var/backup/linkding/ "/data/podman/linkding/"
systemctl start podman-linkding
fi
'';
};
```
3. **Generate Backup Credentials:**
## Managing backups
Run `clan facts generate <yourmachine>` to prepare your machine for backup, creating necessary SSH keys and credentials.
In this section we go over how to manage your collection of backups with the clan command.
### Setting Up the Borgbackup Server
### Listing states
1. **Configure Backup Repository:**
On the server where backups will be stored, enable the SSH daemon and set up a repository for each client:
```nix
{
services.borgbackup.repos.myhostname = {
path = "/var/lib/borgbackup/myhostname";
authorizedKeys = [
(builtins.readFile (config.clan.core.settings.directory + "/machines/myhostname/facts/borgbackup.ssh.pub"))
];
};
}
```
Ensure the path to the public key is correct.
2. **Update Your Systems:** Apply your changes by running `clan machines update` to both the server and your client
### Managing Backups
- **Scheduled Backups:**
Backups are automatically performed nightly. To check the next scheduled backup, use:
```bash
systemctl list-timers | grep -E 'NEXT|borg'
```
- **Listing Backups:** To see available backups, run:
```bash
clan backups list mymachine
```
- **Manual Backups:** You can also initiate a backup manually:
```bash
clan backups create mymachine
```
- **Restoring Backups:** To restore a backup that has been listed by the list command (NAME):
```bash
clan backups restore [MACHINE] [PROVIDER] [NAME]
```
Example (Restoring a machine called `client` with the backup provider `borgbackup`):
```bash
clan backups restore client borgbackup [NAME]
```
The `backups` command is service aware and allows optional specification of the `--service` flag.
To only restore the service called `zerotier` on a machine called `controller` through the backup provider `borgbackup` use the following command:
To see which files (`states`) will be backed up on a specific machine, use:
```bash
clan backups restore client borgbackup [NAME] --service zerotier
clan state list jon
```
This will show all configured states for the machine `jon`, for example:
```text
· service: linkding
folders:
- /var/backup/linkding
preBackupCommand: pre-backup-linkding
postRestoreCommand: post-restore-linkding
· service: zerotier
folders:
- /var/lib/zerotier-one
```
### Creating backups
To create a backup of a machine (e.g., `jon`), run:
```bash
clan backups create jon
```
This will backup all configured states (`zerotier` and `linkding` in this
example) from the machine `jon`.
### Listing available backups
To see all available backups, use:
```bash
clan backups list
```
This will display all backups with their timestamps:
```text
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-jon-2025-07-22T19:40:10
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-jon-2025-07-23T01:00:00
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T01:00:00
storagebox::username@username.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```
### Restoring backups
For restoring a backup you have two options.
#### Full restoration
To restore all services from a backup:
```bash
clan backups restore jon borgbackup storagebox::u444061@u444061.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```
#### Partial restoration
To restore only a specific service (e.g., `linkding`):
```bash
clan backups restore --service linkding jon borgbackup storagebox::u444061@u444061.your-storagebox.de:/./borgbackup::jon-storagebox-2025-07-24T06:02:35
```

2
docs/site/index.md
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ hide:
empowers you to **selfhost in a reliable and scalable way**.
Built on NixOS, Clan provides a **declarative interface for managing machines** with automated [secret management](./guides/secrets.md), easy [mesh VPN
connectivity](./guides/mesh-vpn.md), and [automated backups](./reference/clanServices/borgbackup.md).
connectivity](./guides/mesh-vpn.md), and [automated backups](./guides/backups.md).
Whether you're running a homelab or maintaining critical computing infrastructure,
Clan will help **reduce maintainance burden** by allowing a **git repository to define your whole network** of computers.